baritone  The male voice type whose range (the second G below middle C to G above middle C) lies between that of the tenor and bass.  The most common male vocal range.  Higher than bass and lower than tenor.  Singer’s formant around 2600 Hz bass  (See Basso) bass baritone  In between bass and baritone.  Not as heavy as basso profundo, but typically with greater flexibility.  Must be able to sing at least as high as F4.  Also known as basso contante and basso guisto.  Baritones with bass quality are also called basse taille basso  Lowest male voice.  The male voice type whose range extends from the second D below middle C to F above middle C basso profundo  Deep bass.  The lowest and heaviest of the bass voices.  Can sing at least as low as D2 with full voice.  Singer’s formant around 2200 – 2300 Hz.  Also known as contra-basso

bel canto  Literally means “beautiful singing.”  Refers to a method and philosophical approach to singing voice production Bernoulli effect  As the vocal folds begin to come together, the pressure of the subglottic air beneath the folds rises and the speed of the air increases.  The result is a reduced pressure between the edges of the vocal folds, which causes them to be sucked together bleat referring to a fast vibrato, like the bleating of a sheep breathy phonation  Phonation characterized by a lack of vocal fold closure; this causes air leakage (excessive air-flow) during the quasi-closed phase, and this produces turbulence that is heard as noise mixed in the voice bronchitis  Inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lungs